Application of flocculation combined with vacuum preloading to reduce river-dredged sludge     

Feiyu Liu  Wenqing Wu  Jun Wang  Jun Hai  Yuanqiang Cai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):164-173

Abstract

To achieve the rapid dewatering of dredged sludge, the flocculation–vacuum-preloading method was tested indoors. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of six flocculants was determined through the settling column test, and then the proposed method was tested. The water drainage and settlement were monitored during the test, while the soil moisture content and shear strength were measured after the test. The results show that all the flocculants had an optimal mixing ratio, and the addition of 0.8% FeCl₃ or 0.08% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in the sludge can better accelerate solid–liquid separation of the sludge. After the test, the water content in the sludge decreased from 140% to 60%. Compared with general vacuum preloading, the use of the proposed method increased the water drainage by 46.5% and 56.8% and decreased the soil volumes by 60.5% and 82.4% for FeCl₃ and APAM, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding shear strength was increased from 10 to 14 and 17?kPa. In addition, the use of APAM increased the solidification rate of heavy metals in the sludge to more than 80%, effectively inhibiting the migration of heavy metals.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights     

Ki‐mook Kang  Duk‐jin Kim  Yunjee Kim  Eunhee Lee  Bong‐Gwan Kim  Seung Hee Kim  Kyoochul Ha  Dong‐Chan Koh  Yang‐Ki Cho  Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.  相似文献   

Hydrological impact of a reservoir network in the upper Gan River Basin,China     

Ningpeng Dong  Zhongbo Yu  Chuanguo Yang  Mingxiang Yang  Wenzhuo Wang 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1709-1723

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南海与周边海域表层塑料颗粒交换的拉格朗日示踪研究     

孟钊  李宁  管玉平  冯洋 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(5):109-116

塑料污染已成为国际海洋界关注的海洋环境问题之一。文章探讨海洋环流对南海及其周边海域表层塑料颗粒交换的影响。在南海周边多个海域, 分别在4个季节投放塑料颗粒。一年后, 用拉格朗日颗粒示踪方法考察投放颗粒的运动轨迹和最终停留位置。结果表明, 在秋、冬季, 大部分塑料颗粒会进入南海和爪哇海, 极少部分颗粒北输送到太平洋; 在春、夏季, 仅有部分颗粒进入南海和爪哇海, 而多数颗粒流到太平洋。南海洋流具有季节特征, 塑料颗粒轨迹特征与之较为符合。  相似文献   

木本植被覆盖岸坡上波浪爬升过程的数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐海珏  胡萍  白玉川  杨波 《海洋学报》2020,42(3):10-24

近岸木本植物构成的生态缓冲带作为新型的海岸软防护结构，兼具功能性和生态友好性，在沿海工程建设中愈发受到关注，如何深入开展其防护效果的机理研究是目前亟待解决的问题。本文采用数值模拟方法，在N-S方程中分别考虑树枝和树干的拖曳力影响，提出了木本植被作用下波浪沿斜坡爬升的表面波衰减的连续介质等效模型，并采用MAC法来跟踪自由曲面上的水颗粒轨迹。本文以波浪沿1/30的斜坡爬升为算例，对比讨论了有无植被作用下波浪的传播过程，并将算例结果与以往试验结果规律进行对照，验证了数值模型的有效性。最后，分别讨论了植物枝干的高度、密度、树枝倾斜角度等植被特性和波浪因素对植被消浪效果的影响，得到植被消浪的基本规律。文中的计算结果也可为实际的护岸工程和生态景观设计提供参考。  相似文献   

巴芬湾西部和格陵兰岛东部大气经向热量输送协同变化对夏季北极海冰的影响     

王乐  张录军  杨文发 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(8):14-23

利用欧洲中心气候再分析资料和美国国家冰雪数据中心北极海冰面积资料，分析了夏季北极海冰面积与前期大气经向热量输送年际变化的联系。结果表明：6月北半球中高纬大气的经向热量输送以瞬变热量形式为主，其中巴芬湾西部（B区）和格陵兰岛东部（G区）是瞬变热量向极区传输的两个通道，二者之间存在反位相的协同变化，且这种协同变化与夏季北极海冰面积变化密切相关。可能的机制为：6月，AD、AO和NAO三种北极大气环流型能够引起巴芬湾西部和格陵兰岛东部瞬变热量输送的协同变化，这种协同变化通过涡旋动力作用激发夏季极区大气表现为AD异常，同时影响途经区域的气温，从而通过热动力作用影响夏季北极海冰。将向极区输送的热量称为暖输送，从极区输出的热量为冷输送，则上述两个区域的瞬变热量协同输送可分为三种情况：B暖G冷、B冷G暖、B和G均冷，而B和G均暖的情况十分罕见。当B区向极区输入、G区输出热量时，有利于太平洋扇区和喀拉海的海冰偏少；当G区输入、B区输出热量时，利于喀拉海和拉普捷夫海海冰偏少；当B区和G区均输出热量时，利于波佛特海南部、喀拉海和拉普捷夫海海冰偏多，反之则相反。  相似文献   

长江感潮河段潮波传播变化特征及影响因素分析     

黄竞争  张先毅  吴峥  刘锋  蔡华阳  杨清书 《海洋学报》2020,42(3):25-35

径潮相互作用是感潮河段水动力变化的典型特征，受其影响潮波传播具有明显的洪枯季及沿程变化。本文基于长江感潮河段天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山及芜湖6个潮位站2002?2014年连续高低潮位资料及大通站月均流量数据，统计分析长江感潮河段潮波振幅衰减率、潮波传播速度及余水位坡度等传播特征值的洪枯季及沿程变化特征，并探讨这些潮波传播特征的变化规律及其主要影响因素。结果表明，潮波传播特征的洪枯季差异自上游至下游逐渐减小，其分界点位于天生港与江阴之间（其中，天生港和江阴站的多年平均洪枯季潮差差值约为0.01 m和?0.04 m）；径流动力对潮波衰减的影响主要位于江阴以上河段，江阴以下河段主要受潮汐动力控制；径流驱动下余水位坡度引起的余水位及水深增加，导致潮波传播的有效摩擦减小，当流量超过某个阈值时潮波振幅衰减反而减弱，特别是上游马鞍山-芜湖段最为明显，统计结果表明该河段流量阈值约为33 000 m3/s。本文分析结果作为前人研究的重要补充，可为长江河口感潮河段径潮相互作用机制研究及河口治理等提供基础参考。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China from 2000 to 2011          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Wang  Baisheng Ye  Yuhuan Cui  Xiaobo He  Guojing Yang 《水文研究》2014,28(9):3454-3465

This research demonstrates the spatiotemporal variations of albedo on nine glaciers in western China during 2000–2011, by the albedo derived from two types of datasets: Landsat TM/ETM + images and MOD10A1 product. Then, the influence factors of glacier albedo and its relationship with glacier mass balance are also analyzed by the correlation approach, which is frequently used in geostatistics. The paper finds that there are different spatiotemporal variations over the glaciers in western China: (1) For a single glacier, the albedo varies gently with altitude on its tongue and increases fast in the middle part, while in the accumulation zones, the albedo value appears in the form of fluctuation. This could provide a quantitative method to retrieve the snowline by determining the threshold albedo value of snowpack and bare ice. (2) For the glaciers in western China, the albedo decreases with distance to the center of Tibetan Plateau (TP). This may relate to the elevation of glacier, for the speed of glacier retreat highly depends on air temperature. (3) In the summer period, albedo on most glaciers declines over the last 12 years, and it decreases much faster in southeastern TP than other regions, for which air temperature overwhelms the black carbon concentration. In addition, the trend of glacier albedo in summer is greatly correlated with that of measured glacier mass balance, which implies that the long‐term albedo datasets by remote sensing technology could be used to monitor and predict the change of glacier mass balance in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

杭州湾营养盐时空分布特征及其影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈思杨  宋琍琍  余骏  马佳斌 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(11):61-66

文章基于2015年1—12月杭州湾海域12个航次的调查资料,对杭州湾海域营养盐溶解无机氮(DIN)和活性磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-))的月度时空分布特征及其影响进行了探讨。结果表明,杭州湾表层海水DIN和PO_4~(3-)含量空间分布月际间变化明显,其变化受湾内、沿岸径流输入和长江冲淡水影响显著。杭州湾海域12个月DIN含量均超第四类海水水质标准,硝酸盐氮(NO_3~-)占DIN的94%及以上。N/P值处于较高水平,内湾(IB)和外湾(OB)的N/P值季节性变化幅度比中湾(CB)大,海湾生态系统对磷的变化敏感。营养盐-盐度对研究区域的水体混合状况有明显的指示作用,杭州湾营养盐的分布主要受物理混合作用所控制,浮游生物活动对营养盐分布的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

基于多因子的震区建筑物空间分布变化分析     

王博  尹灵芝  朱军  冯德俊  佘平 《地理信息世界》2018,(4):24-28,41

研究地震发生前后震区建筑物空间分布的变化规律,可以为震后居民区规划提供科学依据。本文选择汶川地区作为案例区域,采用不同年份的Landsat遥感影像对建筑物信息进行提取,结合高程、水系、道路、行政区划、坡向等影响因子对汶川境内建筑物空间分布进行综合分析。结果表明:汶川地区建筑物空间分布具有明显的沿河、沿道路、低海拔区位取向分布的特性;建筑物面积与距水系距离的关系逐渐减弱;建筑物空间分布在乡镇层面上出现两个高聚集区,分别为海拔较低的威州镇、映秀等乡镇。  相似文献